Best R Programming Training Institute in Delhi NCR

MODULE 1: ESSENTIAL TO R PROGRAMMING

AN INTRODUCTION TO R

• History of S and R
• Introduction to R
• The R environment
• What is Statistical Programming?
• Why use a command line?
• Your first R session

INTRODUCTION TO THE R LANGUAGE

• Starting and quitting R
• Recording your work
• Basic features of R
• Calculating with R
• Named storage
• Functions
• Exact or approximate?
• R is case-sensitive
• Listing the objects in the workspace
• Vectors
• Extracting elements from vectors
• Vector arithmetic
• Simple patterned vectors
• Missing values and other special values
• Character vectors
• Factors
• More on extracting elements from vectors
• Matrices and arrays
• Data frames
• Dates and times
• Built-in functions and online help
• Built-in examples
• Finding help when you don’t know the function name
• Built-in graphics functions
• Additional elementary built-in functions
• Logical vectors and relational operators
• Boolean algebra
• Logical operations in R
• Relational operators
• Data input and output
• Changing directories
• dump() and source()
• Redirecting R output
• Saving and retrieving image files
• Data frames and the read.table function

PROGRAMMING STATISTICAL GRAPHICS

• High-level plots
• Bar charts and dot charts
• Pie charts
• Histograms
• Box plots
• Scatterplots
• QQ plots
• Choosing a high-level graphic
• Low-level graphics functions
• The plotting region and margins
• Adding to plots
• Setting graphical parameters

PROGRAMMING WITH R

• Flow control
• The for() loop
• The if() statement
• The while() loop
• Newton’s method for root finding
• The repeat loop, and the break and next statements
• Managing complexity through functions
• What are functions?
• Scope of variables
• Miscellaneous programming tips
• Using fix()
• Documentation using#
• Some general programming guidelines
• Top-down design
• Debugging and maintenance
• Recognizing that a bug exists
• Make the bug reproducible
• Identify the cause of the bug
• Fixing errors and testing
• Look for similar errors elsewhere
• The browser() and debug()functions
• Efficient programming
• Learn your tools
• Use efficient algorithms
• Measure the time your program takes
• Be willing to use different tools
• Optimize with care

SIMULATION

• Monte Carlo simulation
• Generation of pseudorandom numbers
• Simulation of other random variables
• Bernoulli random variables
• Binomial random variables
• Poisson random variables
• Exponential random numbers
• Normal random variables
• Monte Carlo integration
• Advanced simulation methods
• Rejection sampling
• Importance sampling

COMPUTATIONAL LINEAR ALGEBRA

• Vectors and matrices in R
• Constructing matrix objects
• Accessing matrix elements; row and column names
• Matrix properties
• Triangular matrices
• Matrix arithmetic
• Matrix multiplication and inversion
• Matrix inversion
• The LU decomposition
• Matrix inversion in R
• Solving linear systems
• Eigenvalues and eigen vectors
• Advanced topics
• The singular value decomposition of a matrix
• The Choleski decomposition of a positive definite matrix
• The QR decomposition of a matrix
• The condition number of a matrix
• Outer products
• Kronecker products
• apply()

NUMERICAL OPTIMIZATION

• The golden section search method
• Newton–Raphson
• The Nelder–Mead simplex method
• Built-in functions
• Linear programming
• Solving linear programming problems in R
• Maximization and other kinds of constraints
• Special situations
• Unrestricted variables
• Integer programming
• Alternatives to lp() Quadratic programming

MODULE 2: DATA MANIPULATION TECHNIQUES USING R PROGRAMMING

DATA IN R

• Modes and Classes
• Data Storage in R
• Testing for Modes and Classes
• Structure of R Objects
• Conversion of Objects
• Missing Values
• Working with Missing Values

READING AND WRITING DATA

• Reading Vectors and Matrices
• Data Frames: read.table
• Comma- and Tab-Delimited Input Files
• Fixed-Width Input Files
• Extracting Data from R Objects
• Connections
• Reading Large Data Files
• Generating Data
• Sequences
• Random Numbers
• Permutations
• Random Permutations
• Enumerating All Permutations
• Working with Sequences
• Spreadsheets
• The RODBC Package on Windows
• The gdata Package (All Platforms)
• Saving and Loading R Data Objects
• Working with Binary Files
• Writing R Objects to Files in ASCII Format
• The write Function
• The write.table function
• Reading Data from Other Programs

R AND DATABASES

• A Brief Guide to SQL
• Navigation Commands
• Basics of SQL
• Aggregation
• Joining Two Databases
• Subqueries Modifying Database Records
• ODBC
• Using the RODBC Package
• The DBI Package
• Accessing a MySQL Database
• Performing Queries
• Normalized Tables
• Getting Data into MySQL
• More Complex Aggregations

DATES

• as.Date
• The chron Package
• POSIX Classes
• Working with Dates
• Time Intervals
• Time Sequences

FACTORS

• Using Factors
• Numeric Factors
• Manipulating Factors
• Creating Factors from Continuous Variables
• Factors Based on Dates and Times
• Interactions

SUBSCRIPTING

• Basics of Subscripting
• Numeric Subscripts
• Character Subscripts
• Logical Subscripts
• Subscripting Matrices and Arrays
• Specialized Functions for Matrices
• Lists
• Subscripting Data Frames

CHARACTER MANIPULATION

• Basics of Character Data
• Displaying and Concatenating Character
• Working with Parts of Character Values
• Regular Expressions in R
• Basics of Regular Expressions
• Breaking Apart Character Values
• Using Regular Expressions in R
• Substitutions and Tagging

DATA AGGREGATION

• Table
• Road Map for Aggregation
• Mapping a Function to a Vector or List
• Mapping a function to a matrix or array
• Mapping a Function Based on Groups
• There shape Package
• Loops in R

RESHAPING DATA

• Modifying Data Frame Variables
• Recoding Variables
• The recode Function
• Reshaping Data Frames
• The reshape Package
• Combining Data Frames
• Under the Hood of merge

MODULE 3: STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS USING R PROGRAMMING

BASICS

• First steps
• An overgrown calculator
• Assignments
• Vectorized arithmetic
• Procedures
• Graphics
• R language essentials
• Expressions and objects
• Functions and arguments
• Vectors
• Quoting and escape sequences
• Missing values
• Functions that create vectors
• Matrices and arrays
• Factors
• Lists
• Data frames
• Indexing
• Conditional selection
• Indexing of data frames
• Grouped data and data frames
• Implicit loops
• Sorting

THE R ENVIRONMENT

• Session management
• The workspace
• Textual output
• 3 Scripting
• Getting help
• Packages
• Built-in data
• attach and detach
• subset, transform, and within
• The graphics subsystem
• Plot layout
• Building a plot from pieces
• Using par
• Combining plots
• R programming
• Flow control
• Classes and generic functions
• Data entry
• Reading from a text file
• Further details on read.table
• The data editor
• Interfacing to other program

PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS

• Random sampling
• Probability calculations and combinatorics
• Discrete distributions
• Continuous distributions
• The built-in distributions in R
• Densities
• Cumulative distribution functions
• Quantiles
• Random numbers

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS AND GRAPHICS

• Summary statistics for a single group
• Graphical display of distributions
• Histograms
• Empirical cumulative distribution
• Q–Q plots
• Boxplots
• Summary statistics by groups
• Graphics for grouped data
• Histograms
• Parallel boxplots
• Stripcharts
• Tables
• Generating tables
• Marginal tables and relative frequency
• Graphical display of tables
• Barplots
• Dotcharts
• Piecharts

ONE- AND TWO-SAMPLE TESTS

• One-sample t test
• Wilcoxon signed-rank test
• Two-sample t test
• Comparison of variances
• Two-sample Wilcoxon test
• The paired t test
• The matched-pairs Wilcoxon test

REGRESSION AND CORRELATION

• Simple linear regression
• Residuals and fitted values
• Prediction and confidence bands
• Correlation
• Pearson correlation
• Spearman’s ρ
• Kendall’s τ

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE AND THE KRUSKAL–WALLIS TEST

• One-way analysis of variance
• Pairwise comparisons and multiple testing
• Relaxing the variance assumption
• Graphical presentation
• Bartlett’s test
• Kruskal–Wallis test
• Two-way analysis of variance
• Graphics for repeated measurements
• The Friedman test
• The ANOVA table in regression analysis

TABULAR DATA

• Single proportions
• Two independent proportions
• k proportions, test for trend
• r × c tables

POWER AND THE COMPUTATION OF SAMPLE SIZE

• The principles of power calculations
• Power of one-sample and paired t tests
• Power of two-sample t test
• Approximate methods
• Power of comparisons of proportions
• Two-sample problems
• One-sample problems and paired tests
• Comparison of proportions

ADVANCED DATA HANDLING

• Recoding variables
• The cut function
• Manipulating factor levels
• Working with dates
• Recoding multiple variables
• Conditional calculations
• Combining and restructuring data frames
• Appending frames
• Merging data frames
• Reshaping data frames
• Per-group and per-case procedures
• Time splitting

MULTIPLE REGRESSION

• Plotting multivariate data
• Model specification and output
• Model search

LINEAR MODELS

• Polynomial regression
• Regression through the origin
• Design matrices and dummy variables
• Linearity over groups
• Interactions
• Two-way ANOVA with replication
• Analysis of covariance
• Graphical description Comparison of regression lines Diagnostics

LOGISTIC REGRESSION

• Generalized linear models
• Logistic regression on tabular data
• The analysis of deviance table
• Connection to test for trend
• Likelihood profiling
• Presentation as odds-ratio estimates
• Logistic regression using raw data
• Prediction
• Model checking

SURVIVAL ANALYSIS

• Essential concepts
• Survival objects
• Kaplan–Meier estimates
• The log-rank test
• The Cox proportional hazards model

RATES AND POISSON REGRESSION

• Basic ideas
• The Poisson distribution
• Survival analysis with constant hazard
• Fitting Poisson models
• Computing rates
• Models with piecewise constant intensities

NONLINEAR CURVE FITTING

• Basic usage
• Finding starting values
• Self-starting models
• Profiling
• Finer control of the fitting algorithm